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The fine morphology of the tarsus has recently been shown to provide phylogenetic signal at several supraspecific levels in leiodid beetles, as well as in other insects. We here include another system, namely, the spines at the apical margin of the tarsomeres and associated structures. The tribe Ptomaphagini, with a Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental distribution, has been characterized by having a comb of equal, flat spines around the apex of the tibiae of all legs, with a row of spines extending along the outer edge of the protibia in some genera (which has also been reported in the Eucatopini). We here recognize (as a new synapomorphy for the tribe) that special, strong spines, forming a loose comb, also appear at the apex of the first three or four tarsomeres of the Ptomaphagini. Special features appear on the apical margin of the mesotarsomeres: a long and thin seta, here called the ‘bachelor’, appears between two spines at the external-lateral-ventral face of the first tarsomeres, whereas a group of two (three in some cases) special spines (with the apex bent, facing opposite to each other), here called the ‘twins’, appears on the opposite, internal-lateral-ventral face of the first three (or sometimes two) tarsomeres. We found the ‘twins’ were also present in the Anemadini: Eunemadina and Nemadina, and the Eucatopini; the ‘bachelor seta’ seems to also occur in the Anemadini: Nemadina.

The ‘twins’ and the ‘bachelor’, new potential synapomorphies inside the Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)