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Age-related changes in the experience and regulation of emotions and the resulting impact that such changes bring to bear on emotion regulation processes and outcomes are an important focus for the study of successful aging at work. Navigating emotional experiences and regulating resulting emotional reactions represents a life-long challenge. With respect to successful aging at work specifically, the effective regulation of emotions is an important precondition to maintaining person-environment fit across the lifespan. To this end, both research and theory overwhelmingly suggest that emotion regulation capacities and competencies increase with advancing age. Here, we present the results of an experience sampling study that tests various hypotheses derived from the integration of affective events theory and lifespan developmental perspectives on emotion regulation. Forty-two full-time university employees completed three surveys a day, during one five-day work week. Each survey collected momentary experiences of affective arousal, empathy, and emotional labor. Within-person lagged endogenous change models were specified using mixed effects modeling procedures. We hypothesized and found support for age-conditional effects on the within-person linkage between affective arousal, empathy, and emotional labor. More specifically, at the within-person level of analysis, empathy mediated the relationship between the experience of affective arousal and displays of emotional labor. Moreover, this process was age-conditional, such that the strength of this mediated effect was more pronounced for younger employees, whereas this process was of a weaker magnitude and indeed not statistically significant among older employees.

Age-Conditional Effects in the Affective Arousal, Empathy, and Emotional Labor Linkage: Within-Person Evidence from an Experience Sampling Study