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We examined associations between employment and obesity, arguing that risk for unhealthyweight may vary across occupational groups because they shape workplace exposures, socialclass standing, material resources, and norms and expectations about healthy behaviors andweight. We used a large sample of 51–61-year-old workers from the Health and Retirementstudy, tracking their body mass index (BMI) over time while accounting for potentiallyconfounding influences of socioeconomic status and gender and exploring whether gendermodified associations between occupational group, BMI, and retirement timing. Comparedwith women in professional occupations, women managers were less likely to be obese atbaseline and were less likely to be in the obese upward trajectory class, while femaleprofessionals and operators and laborers were less likely than women in farm and precisionproduction to be in the normal stable trajectory. Male professionals were less likely thanmen in sales, service, and operator and laborer positions to be obese at baseline and moreoften followed the normal upward trajectory than most other groups, though they and farmand precision production men were more likely to be in the overweight to obese trajectorythan men in service occupations. Adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestylecharacteristics reduced associations more for men than for women. While retirement riskdiffered across occupational groups, most of these differences were explained bysocioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics, especially for men. Obesity atbaseline was an independent predictor of retirement but did not further explaindifferences in the timing of retirement by occupational group.

Occupational Differences in BMI, BMI Trajectories, and Implications for Employment Status among Older U.S. Workers