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The Vi capsular polysaccharide (ViPS) protects  Salmonella enterica  subspecies  enterica  serotype Typhi ( S. Typhi)  in vivo  by multiple mechanisms. Recent microbiological reports from typhoid endemic countries suggest that acapsulate  S .Typhi may occur in nature and contribute to clinical typhoid fever that is indistinguishable from disease caused by capsulate strains. The prevalence and genetic basis of ViPS-negative  S. Typhi isolates in children from Kathmandu, Nepal, were tested in 68 isolates. Although 5.9% of isolates tested negative for capsular expression by slide agglutination tests, a novel multiplex PCR assay and individual PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of all 14 genes responsible for the synthesis, transportation and regulation of the ViPS. These data suggest that phenotypically acapsulate  S. Typhi may not have a genetic basis for the same.

Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Phenotypically Vi- Negative Salmonella Typhi Isolates in Children from Kathmandu, Nepal