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Data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonates are scarce, especially from developing countries including Bangladesh. A retrospective review of the electronic database of the Microbiology Laboratory of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), was carried out to examine enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in neonates. Stool specimens of the neonates on admission to the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B were collected and sent to the laboratory for direct plating onto taurocholate tellurite gelatin agar,  Salmonella–Shigella  agar and MacConkey's agar. Stool specimens of 2511 neonates of either sex were examined. Bacterial pathogens were recovered from the stools of 699 (27.8%) of these neonates—a single bacterial pathogen from 670 neonates and more than one pathogen from 29 neonates.  Vibrio cholerae, Shigella ,  Salmonella ,  Aeromonas  spp. and  Plesiomonas shigelloides  were isolated from 294, 108, 52, 222 and 19, respectively, of the neonates. The year-wise isolation of these pathogens varied between 4.9–23.4%, 2.7–5.4%, 0–4.7%, 0–19.4% and 0–1.6%, respectively, of the neonates. The results of the study indicate that infection by  V. cholerae ,  Shigella  spp.,  Salmonella  spp.,  Aeromonas  and  P. shigelloides  is common in neonatal diarrhoea in Bangladesh.

Bacterial Enteropathogens of Neonates Admitted to an Urban Diarrhoeal Hospital in Bangladesh