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Background The early experience of pain can lead to complications such as tachycardia, tachypnea and increased metabolic needs of the body, thereby exacerbation of the behavioral and physiological responses to pain in neonates. The current study aimed to compare the effect of a mother's hug and massage on pain behaviors during and after blood sampling in neonates. Method This study was a randomized clinical trial. A total of 135 healthy full-term neonates were selected by convenience sampling method. Samples were randomly assigned to a mother's hug group, massage group or control group. In all three groups, the behavioral responses of the neonate were measured and recorded before, immediately and 5 min after blood sampling by Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded with pulse oximetry, and the crying period was measured from start to silence using a stopwatch. Results The results showed that after 5 min, the pain and heart rate in the mother's hug group decreased significantly compared to the massage and control groups (p &amp;lt; 0.001). There were no significant changes in the respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation level in any of the newborns during blood sampling (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The duration of crying in the mother's hug group had more reduction than that of the massage and control groups (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion The placement of the baby in the mother's hug during painful procedures is recommended due to the reduction of pain, the improvement of physiological symptoms and the promotion of neonatal health.

Comparative Effect of Mother's Hug and Massage on Neonatal Pain Behaviors Caused by Blood Sampling: A Randomized Clinical Trial