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The TCP-type transcription factors  BRANCHED1  and  BRANCHED2  shape plant architecture by suppressing bud outgrowth, with  BRANCHED2  only playing a minor role in  Arabidopsis . Here, we investigated the function of orthologs of these genes in the model tree  Populus . We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate loss-of-function mutants of previously identified  Populus BRANCHED1-1  and  BRANCHED2-1  candidate genes.  BRANCHED1-1  mutants exhibited strongly enhanced bud outgrowth.  BRANCHED2-1  mutants had an extreme bud outgrowth phenotype and possessed two ectopic leaves at each node. While  BRANCHED1  function is conserved in poplar,  BRANCHED2 , in contrast to its  Arabidopsis  counterpart, plays an even more critical role in bud outgrowth regulation. In addition, we identified a new, not yet reported association of this gene to leaf development.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Populus BRANCHED1 and BRANCHED2 orthologs reveals a major function in bud outgrowth control