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Little is known about the ability of trees to recover hydraulic conductance ( k ) within a growing season by regrowth or refilling of embolized conduits. Recovery of  k  lost to drought or other causes would prevent chronic reductions in gas exchange and productivity. To test recovery ability we conducted a 2-year experiment (2014–15) on a cohort of aspen ramets ( Populus tremuloides , Michx.). Whole-tree  k  was measured from mid-June through September from sapflow ( Q ) and pre-dawn and mid-day xylem pressure. We induced embolism in the treatment group with high air pressure delivered by a split pressure chamber sealed around the main trunk. Successful treatments reduced  k  and  Q  by 50% or more without causing rapid desiccation. The majority of trees recovered following treatment, rising to control levels of  k  and  Q  between 12 and 17 days. Failure to recover was correlated with drier climate conditions. The growing-season recovery of  k  was attributed to refilling of embolized vessels, based on the absence of diameter growth. Pre-dawn xylem pressures during recovery were similar to the threshold needed to passively collapse emboli. Successful recovery during the 2-year study was consistent with no reduction in cumulative  Q  or canopy area in treatment vs controls. However, non-recovering trees in 2014 exhibited lower basal area growth at the start of the 2015 growing season, suggesting a linkage between recovery ability and productivity. This study provides evidence for the potential of trees to recover xylem function by refilling during the growing season.

In situ embolism induction reveals vessel refilling in a natural aspen stand