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A phenotype-based screening of the T1 transgenic Arabidopsis population transformed by overexpression constructs of the entire poplar MYB transcription factor family found that overexpression of a poplar MYB transcription factor,  PtrMYB012 , in Arabidopsis resulted in upwardly curled rosette leaves, dwarfism and male sterility. Sequence analysis identified that  PtrMYB012  is homologous to the Arabidopsis GAMYB genes (e.g.,  AtMYB65  and  AtMYB33 ). Gene expression analysis revealed that  PtrMYB012  is specifically expressed in floral tissues, especially in male catkins, similar to  AtMYB65 . It was well known that Arabidopsis GAMYBs are negatively regulated by microRNA159 (miR159) during vegetative growth; thus, the typical phenotypes of upwardly curled leaves, dwarfism and male sterility were only shown in overexpression of GAMYBs with mutations in the miR159 target sequence. To confirm our phenotypic consequences, we independently re-produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing  PtrMYB012  without mutations in the miR159 target sequence. The resulting 35 S::PtrMYB012 Arabidopsis plants phenocopied the previous transgenic Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that  PtrMYB012  is probably not a target of Arabidopsis miR159 despite containing the conserved miR159 target sequence. To gain further insight, we produced transgenic poplars overexpressing the intact  PtrMYB012 . As a result, no conspicuous phenotype was found in  35 S::PtrMYB012  poplar plants. These results suggest that  PtrMYB012  transcripts are down-regulated by miR159 in poplar but not in Arabidopsis. Indeed, subsequent 5′-RACE analysis confirmed that  PtrMYB012  transcripts are completely degraded in poplar, probably by miR159, but not in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that species-specific family members of miR159 are important for the regulation of normal growth and development in plants.

Poplar MYB transcription factor PtrMYB012 and its Arabidopsis AtGAMYB orthologs are differentially repressed by the Arabidopsis miR159 family