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Understanding the interactions between the hemiparasite  Santalum album  L. and its hosts has theoretical and practical significance in sandalwood plantations. In a pot study, we tested the effects of two non-N 2 -fixing ( Bischofia polycarpa  (Levl.) Airy Shaw and  Dracontomelon duperreranum  Pierre) and two N 2 -fixing hosts ( Acacia confusa  Merr. and  Dalbergia odorifera  T. Chen) on the growth characteristics and nitrogen (N) nutrition of  S. album . Biomass production of shoot, root and haustoria, N and total amino acid were significantly greater in  S. album  grown with the two N 2 -fixing hosts. Foliage and root δ 15 N values of  S. album  were significantly lower when grown with N 2 -fixing than with non-N 2 -fixing hosts. Significantly higher photosynthetic rates and ABA (abscisic acid) concentrations were seen in  S. album  grown with  D. odorifera . Similarity in the proportional amounts of amino acid of root xylem sap between  S. album  and its host  D. odorifera  was also evident, suggesting major access to nitrogenous solutes from  D. odorifera  to  S. album . Irrespective of host species,  S. album  clearly appeared to optimize xylem sap extraction from its hosts by higher transpiration and lower water-use efficiency than its host. The growth of two non-N 2 -fixing hosts parasitized by  S. album  was significantly greater than the equivalent values for unparasitized treatments, and lower growth and photosynthesis were observed for parasitized  A. confusa , and significant decreases in root N, photosynthesis and transpiration for parasitized  D. odorifera  compared with unparasitized treatments. Furthermore, foliage ABA concentrations were significantly higher in all hosts parasitized by  S. album  than in their unparasitized counterparts. Our study is probably the first to report on host dependence and preference in the hemiparasite  S. album , and the generated results may have important implications for understanding of the physiological interactions between host species and parasitic plants, and for successfully mixing plantations of  S. album  with  D. odorifera .

tree physiology

Host-species-dependent physiological characteristics of hemiparasite  Santalum album  in association with N 2 -fixing and non-N 2 -fixing hosts native to southern China