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A change in climate would be expected to shift plant distribu-tion as species expand in newly favourable areas and decline in increasingly hostile locations (Kelly and Goulden 2008). Even under conservative scenarios, future climate changes are likely to include further increases in mean temperature with signicant drying in some regions, as well as increases in the frequency and severity of extreme droughts, and heat waves (Allen et al. 2010 ). As climate changes rapidly with height over relatively short horizontal distances, so does vegetation and ecohydrology (Beniston 2003), and alpine regions have been suggested to be particularly vulnerable to climate change (Elkin etal. 2013 ). If the treeline moves up in elevation, the increased carbon storage and evapotranspiration from this effect may provide a partial negative feedback to climate change. Nevertheless, vegetation influences the absorption of energy by the surface via modication of the surface albedo. A shift to evergreen forest at the mountain treeline would amplify the alteration of the physical characteristics of the land surface induced by forest expansion, decreasing surface albedo, while increasing net evaporation and surface roughness.In the present issue of

Take a tree to the limit: the stress line