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Flowering control is one of the several strategies for gene containment of transgenic plants.  TERMINAL FLOWER 1  ( TFL1 ) is known to be involved in the transcriptional repression of genes for inflorescence development. Two  TFL1  transcripts with different 3′ UTR were cloned from black cherry ( Prunus serotina  Ehrh.) using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Corresponding to the two  TFL1  transcripts, two  PsTFL1  gene sequences, 1248 bp and 1579 bp, were obtained and both contained the same 519 bp coding region which encoded a putative protein of 172 amino acid residues. The phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences showed high identity of  PsTFL1  to  TFL1  orthologs of other  Prunus  species, including Yoshino cherry ( Prunus  ×  yedoensis  Matsum.), peach ( Prunus persica  (L.) Batsch), apricot ( Prunus armeniaca  L.) and Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume  Sieb. et Zucc.). The real-time quantitative PCR detected a single copy of  PsTFL1  gene sequences in the black cherry genome with two alleles. The gene expression of  PsTFL1  was examined in several tissues including the stems, leaves, shoot tips, and vegetative and floral buds. The highest mRNA level was detected in shoot tips, and the lowest level in the leaves. Transgenic  Arabidopsis thaliana  (L.) Heynh. plants overexpressing  PsTFL1  showed significantly delayed flowering. These plants also showed largely increased vegetative growth, plant height, number of nodes, trichome density, and the conversion of flower to shoot was observed at each node and shoot apex.

Isolation and characterization of a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 homolog from Prunus serotina Ehrh.