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Leaf dark respiration ( R ) and its temperature sensitivity are essential for efforts to model carbon fluxes in tropical forests under current and future temperature regimes, but insufficient data exist to generalize patterns of  R  in species-rich tropical forests. Here, we tested the hypothesis that  R  and its temperature sensitivity (expressed as  Q  10 , the proportional increase in  R  with a 10 °C rise in temperature) vary in relation to leaf functional traits, and among plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted in situ measurements of  R  of 461 leaves of 26 species of tree and liana in the upper canopy of a tropical forest in Panama. A construction crane allowed repeated non-destructive access to measure leaves kept in the dark since the previous night and equilibrated to the ambient temperature of 23–31 °C in the morning.  R  at 25 °C ( R  25 ) varied among species (mean 1.11 μmol m −2  s −1 ; range 0.72–1.79 μmol m −2  s −1 ) but did not differ significantly among PFTs.  R  25  correlated positively with photosynthetic capacity, leaf mass per unit area, concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, and negatively with leaf lifespan.  Q  10  estimated for each species was on average higher than the 2.0 often assumed in coupled climate–vegetation models (mean 2.19; range 1.24–3.66). Early-successional tree species had higher  Q  10  values than other functional types, but interspecific variation in  Q  10  values was not correlated with other leaf traits. Similarity in respiration characteristics across PFTs, and relatively strong correlations of  R  with other leaf functional traits offer potential for trait-based vegetation modeling in species-rich tropical forests.

Foliar respiration and its temperature sensitivity in trees and lianas: in situ measurements in the upper canopy of a tropical forest