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Understanding the response of leaf hydraulic conductance ( K  leaf ) to light is a challenge in elucidating plant–water relationships. Recent data have shown that the effect of light on  K  leaf  is not systematically related to aquaporin regulation, leading to conflicting conclusions. Here we investigated the relationship between light,  K  leaf , and aquaporin transcript levels in five tree species ( Juglans regia  L.,  Fagus sylvatica  L.,  Quercus robur  L.,  Salix alba  L. and  Populus tremula  L.) grown in the same environmental conditions, but differing in their  K  leaf  responses to light. Moreover, the  K  leaf  was measured by two independent methods (high-pressure flow metre (HPFM) and evaporative flux method (EFM)) in the most ( J. regia ) and least ( S. alba ) responsive species and the transcript levels of aquaporins were analyzed in perfused and unperfused leaves. Here, we found that the light-induced  K  leaf  value was closely related to stronger expression of both the  PIP1  and  PIP2  aquaporin genes in walnut ( J. regia ), but to stimulation of  PIP1  aquaporins alone in  F. sylvatica  and  Q. robur . In walnut, all newly identified aquaporins were found to be upregulated in the light and downregulated in the dark, further supporting the relationship between the light-mediated induction of  K  leaf  and aquaporin expression in walnut. We also demonstrated that the  K  leaf  response to light was quality-dependent,  K  leaf  being 60% lower in the absence of blue light. This decrease in  K  leaf  was correlated with strong downregulation of three  PIP2  aquaporins and of all the  PIP1  aquaporins tested. These data support a relationship between light-mediated  K  leaf  regulation and the abundance of aquaporin transcripts in the walnut tree.

Light-mediated K leaf induction and contribution of both the PIP1s and PIP2s aquaporins in five tree species: walnut ( Juglans regia ) case study