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The C 4  plants, whose first product of photosynthetic CO 2  fixation is a four-carbon acid, have evolved independently many times. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a biological mechanism known to exhibit some C 4  characteristics such as the C 3  cycle during daylight and demonstrates the C 4  cycle at night. There are also various C 3 -CAM intermediates, whose CAM pathway can be induced by environmental changes. However, neither fungus-induced CAM nor Theaceae CAM have been reported previously. Here, we show that CAM could be generated by fungus infection in  Camellia oleifera  Abel. young leaves, even at a location of a single leaf where the upper part had been transformed into a succulent one, while the lower part remained unchanged. The early photosynthetic products of dark-grown  C. oleifera  succulent leaves were malate, whereas  C. oleifera  normal leaves and light-grown succulent leaves incorporated most of  14 C into the primary photosynthetic product 3-phosphoglycerate.  Camellia oleifera  succulent leaves have a lower absolute δ 13 C value, much lower photorespiration rates and lower transpiration rates during the day than those of  C. oleifera  normal leaves. Like a typical CAM plant, stomata of  C. oleifera  succulent leaves closed during the daylight, but opened at night, and therefore had a detectable CO 2  compensation point in darkness. Net photosynthetic rates ( P  n ) fluctuated diurnally and similarly with stomatal aperture. No light intensity saturation could be defined for  C. oleifera  succulent leaves. C 4  key enzymes in  C. oleifera  succulent leaves were increased at both the transcriptional/translational levels as well as at the enzyme activity level.

A single leaf of Camellia oleifera has two types of carbon assimilation pathway, C 3 and crassulacean acid metabolism