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Dehydration-responsive element binding/C-repeat-binding factors (DREB/CBF) control the activity of multiple stress response genes and therefore represent attractive targets for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. Paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera  L. Vent) is well known for its bark fibers and high levels of chalcone and flavonoid derivatives. Transgenic paper mulberry plants expressing a tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea  Schreb.)  FaDREB1  gene under the control of CaMV 35S were produced to examine the potential utility of  FaDREB1  to increase the tolerance of paper mulberry plants to abiotic stress. The overexpressing  FaDREB1  plants showed higher salt and drought tolerance than the wild-type plants (WT). After 13 days of withholding water, or 15 days in the presence of 250 mM NaCl, all the WT plants died, while the overexpressing  FaDREB1  plants survived. The  FaDREB1  plants had higher leaf water and leaf chlorophyll contents, accumulated more proline and soluble sugars, and had less ion leakage (which reflects membrane damage) than the WT plants had under high salt- and water-deficient conditions. The 35S promoter-driven expression of  FaDREB1  did not cause growth retardation under normal growth conditions. Therefore, improved tolerance to multiple environmental stresses in paper mulberry might be achieved via genetic engineering through the ectopic expression of an  FaDREB1  gene.

Improvement of paper mulberry tolerance to abiotic stresses by ectopic expression of tall fescue FaDREB1