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Potassium (K) influences the photosynthesis process in a number of ways; however, the mechanisms underlying the photosynthetic response to differences in K supply are not well understood. Concurrent measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were made to investigate the effect of K nutrition on photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance ( g  m ) in hickory seedlings ( Carya cathayensis  Sarg.) in a greenhouse. The results show that leaf K concentrations &lt;0.7–0.8% appeared to limit the leaf net CO 2  assimilation rate ( A ), and that the relative limitation of photosynthesis due to  g  m  and stomatal conductance ( g  s ) decreased with increasing supplies of K. However, a sensitivity analysis indicated that  A  was most sensitive to the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco ( V  c,max ) and the maximum rate of electron transport ( J  max ). These results indicate that the photosynthetic rate is primarily limited by the biochemical processes of photosynthesis ( V  c,max  and  J  max ), rather than by  g  m  and  g  s  in K-deficient plants. Additionally,  g  m  was closely correlated with  g  s  and the leaf dry mass per unit area ( M  A ) in hickory seedlings, which indicates that decreased  g  m  and  g  s  may be a consequence of leaf anatomical adaptation.

Effects of potassium supply on limitations of photosynthesis by mesophyll diffusion conductance in Carya cathayensis