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Members of glycosyltransferase protein families GT8, GT43 and GT47 are implicated in the biosynthesis of xylan in the secondary cell walls of Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis mutant  irx8  has a 60% reduction in xylan. However, over-expression of an ortholog of Arabidopsis  IRX8 , poplar  PoGT8D , in Arabidopsis  irx8  mutant could not restore xylan synthesis. The functions of tree GT8D genes remain unclear. We identified two GT8 gene homologs,  PtrGT8D1  and  PtrGT8D2 , in  Populus trichocarpa . They are the only two GT8D members and are abundantly and specifically expressed in the differentiating xylem of  P. trichocarpa. PtrGT8D1  transcript abundance was &gt;7 times that of  PtrGT8D2 . To elucidate the genetic function of  GT8D  in  P. trichocarpa , the expression of  PtrGT8D1  and  PtrGT8D2  was simultaneously knocked down through RNAi. Four transgenic lines had 85–94% reduction in transcripts of  PtrGT8D1  and  PtrGT8D2 , resulting in 29–36% reduction in stem wood xylan content. Xylan reduction had essentially no effect on cellulose quantity but caused an 11–25% increase in lignin. These transgenics exhibit a brittle wood phenotype, accompanied by increased vessel diameter and thinner fiber cell walls in stem xylem. Stem modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were reduced by 17–29% and 16–23%, respectively, and were positively correlated with xylan content but negatively correlated with lignin quantity. These results suggest that  PtrGT8D s play key roles in xylan biosynthesis in wood. Xylan may be a more important factor than lignin affecting the stiffness and fracture strength of wood.

Down-regulation of glycosyltransferase 8D genes in Populus trichocarpa caused reduced mechanical strength and xylan content in wood