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We investigated sex-related morphological and physiological responses to enhanced UV-B radiation in the dioecious species  Populus cathayana  Rehd. Cuttings were subjected to two UV-B radiation regimes: ambient (4.5 kJ m −2  day −1 ) and enhanced (12.5 kJ m −2  day −1 ) biologically effective UV-B radiation for one growing season. Enhanced UV-B radiation was found to significantly decrease the shoot height and basal diameter and to reduce the leaf area, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthesis rate ( P  n ), chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/b) and anthocyanin content. Enhanced UV-B radiation also increased chlorophyll pigment, leaf nitrogen, malondialdehyde and abscisic acid (ABA) content, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and UV-B-absorbing compounds. No significant effects of enhanced UV-B radiation were found on biomass allocation, gas exchange (except for  P  n ), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II or water use efficiency. Moreover, different sensitivity to enhanced UV-B radiation between males and females was detected. Under enhanced UV-B radiation, males exhibited significantly higher basal diameter and leaf nitrogen, and lower Chl a/b, ABA content, UV-B-absorbing compounds, as well as less decrement of leaf area and dry matter accumulation than did females. However, no significant sexual differences in these traits were found under ambient UV-B radiation. Our results suggest that males may possess a greater UV-B resistance than do females, with males having a more efficient antioxidant system and higher anthocyanin content to alleviate UV-B penetration stress than females.

Different growth sensitivity to enhanced UV-B radiation between male and female Populus cathayana