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To investigate the interactive effects of soil temperature ( T  soil ) and nutrient availability on the response of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]), white birch ( Betula papyrifera  Marsh.) seedlings were exposed to ambient (360 μmol mol −  1 ) or elevated (720 μmol mol −  1 ) [CO 2 ], three  T  soil  (5, 15 and 25 °C initially, increased to 7, 17 and 27 °C, respectively, 1 month later) and three nutrient regimes (4/1.8/3.3, 80/35/66 and 160/70/132 mg l −  1  N/P/K) for 3 months in environment-controlled greenhouses. Elevated [CO 2 ] increased net photosynthetic rate ( A  n ), instantaneous water-use efficiency (IWUE), internal to ambient carbon dioxide concentration ratio ( C  i / C  a ), triose phosphate utilization (TPU) and photosynthetic linear electron transport to carboxylation ( J  c ), and it decreased actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Δ F / F  m ′), the fraction of total linear electron transport partitioned to oxygenation ( J  o / J  T ) and leaf N concentration. The low  T  soil  suppressed  A  n , transpiration rate ( E ), TPU, Δ F / F  m ′ and  J  c , but it increased  J  o / J  T . The low nutrient treatment reduced  A  n , IWUE, maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, light-saturated electron transport rate, TPU, Δ F / F  m ′,  J  c  and leaf N concentration, but increased  C  i / C  a . There were two-factor interactions for  C  i / C  a , TPU and leaf N concentration, and a significant effect of CO 2  ×  T  soil  × nutrient regime on  A  n , IWUE and  J  c . The stimulations of  A  n  and IWUE by elevated [CO 2 ] were limited to seedlings grown under the intermediate and high nutrient regimes at the intermediate and high  T  soil . For  J  c , the [CO 2 ] effect was significant only at intermediate  T  soil  + high nutrient availability. No significant [CO 2 ] effects were observed under the low  T  soil  at any nutrient level. Our results support this study’s hypothesis that low  T  soil  would reduce the positive effect of high nutrient supply on the response of  A  n  to elevated [CO 2 ].

tree physiology

Low soil temperature inhibits the effect of high nutrient supply on photosynthetic response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in white birch seedlings