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The study of the fate of assimilated carbon in respiratory fluxes in the field is needed to resolve the residence and transfer times of carbon in the atmosphere–plant–soil system in forest ecosystems, but it requires high frequency measurements of the isotopic composition of evolved CO 2 . We developed a closed transparent chamber to label the whole crown of a tree and a labelling system capable of delivering a 3-h pulse of 99%  13 CO 2  in the field. The isotopic compositions of trunk and soil CO 2  effluxes were recorded continuously on two labelled and one control trees by a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer during a 2-month chase period following the late summer labelling. The lag times for trunk CO 2  effluxes are consistent with a phloem sap velocity of about 1 m h −1 . The isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of CO 2  efflux from the trunk was maximal 2–3 days after labelling and declined thereafter following two exponential decays with a half-life of 2–8 days for the first and a half-life of 15–16 days for the second. The isotopic composition of the soil CO 2  efflux was maximal 3–4 days after labelling and the decline was also well fitted with a sum of two exponential functions with a half-life of 3–5 days for the first exponential and a half-life of 16–18 days for the second. The amount of label recovered in CO 2  efflux was around 10–15% of the assimilated  13 CO 2  for soil and 5–13% for trunks. As labelling occurred late in the growing season, substantial allocation to storage is expected.

tree physiology

Tracing of recently assimilated carbon in respiration at high temporal resolution in the field with a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer after in situ  13 CO 2  pulse labelling of 20-year-old beech trees