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An adequate general drought tolerance and the ability to acclimate to changing hydraulic conditions are important features for long-lived woody plants. In this study, we compared hydraulic safety (water potential at 50% loss of conductivity, Psi(50)), hydraulic efficiency (specific conductivity, k(s)), xylem anatomy (mean tracheid diameter, d(mean), mean hydraulic diameter, d(h), conduit wall thickness, t, conduit wall reinforcement, (t/b)(h)(2)) and stomatal conductance, g(s), of forest plants as well as irrigated and drought-treated garden plants of Ligustrum vulgare L. and Viburnum lantana L. Forest plants of L. vulgare and V. lantana were significantly less resistant to drought-induced cavitation (Psi(50) at -2.82 +/- 0.13 MPa and -2.79 +/- 0.17 MPa) than drought-treated garden plants (- 4.58 +/- 0.26 MPa and -3.57 +/- 0.15 MPa). When previously irrigated garden plants were subjected to drought, a significant decrease in d(mean) and d(h) and an increase in t and (t/b)(h)(2) were observed in L. vulgare. In contrast, in V. lantana conduit diameters increased significantly but no change in t and (t/b)(h)(2) was found. Stomatal closure occurred at similar water potentials (Psi(sc)) in forest plants and drought-treated garden plants, leading to higher safety margins (Psi(sc) - Psi(50)) of the latter (L. vulgare 1.63 MPa and V. lantana 0.43 MPa). These plants also showed higher g(s) at moderate Psi, more abrupt stomatal closure and lower cuticular conductivity. Data indicate that the development of drought-tolerant xylem as well as stomatal regulation play an important role in drought acclimation, whereby structural and physiological responses to drought are species-specific and depend on the plant's hydraulic strategy.

Intraspecific differences in drought tolerance and acclimation in hydraulics of Ligustrum vulgare and Viburnum lantana