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Leaf hydraulic conductance ( K  leaf ) is known to be an important determinant of plant gas exchange and photosynthesis. Little is known about the long-term impact of different environmental factors on the hydraulic construction of leaves and its eventual consequences on leaf gas exchange. In this study, we investigate the impact of soil water availability on  K  leaf  of  Fraxinus ornus  L. as well as the influence of  K  leaf  on gas exchange rates and plant water status. With this aim,  K  leaf , leaf conductance to water vapour ( g  L ), leaf water potential (Ψ leaf ) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were measured in  F. ornus  trees, growing in 21 different sites with contrasting water availability. Plants growing in arid sites had lower  K  leaf ,  g  L  and Ψ leaf  than those growing in sites with higher water availability. On the contrary, LMA was similar in the two groups. The  K  leaf  values recorded in sites with two different levels of soil water availability were constantly different from each other regardless of the amount of precipitation recorded over 20 days before measurements. Moreover,  K  leaf  was correlated with  g  L  values. Our data suggest that down-regulation of  K  leaf  is a component of adaptation of plants to drought-prone habitats. Low  K  leaf  implies reduced gas exchange which may, in turn, influence the climatic conditions on a local/regional scale. It is concluded that leaf hydraulics and its changes in response to resource availability should receive greater attention in studies aimed at modelling biosphere–atmosphere interactions.

The hydraulic conductance of Fraxinus ornus leaves is constrained by soil water availability and coordinated with gas exchange rates