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FLOWERING LOCUS T  ( FT ) promotes flowering by integrating six genetic pathways. In  Arabidopsis , the FT protein is transported from leaves to shoot apices and induces flowering. However, contradictory conclusions about floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees were reported in previous studies. We obtained extremely early-flowering transgenic woody  Jatropha curcas L.  by overexpression of  J. curcas FT  using  Arabidopsis thaliana SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2)  promoter ( SUC2 : JcFT ) and non-flowering transgenic  J. curcas  by RNA interference (RNAi), which were used to investigate the function of graft-transmitted JcFT in floral induction in woody perennials. Scions from five wild-type species of the  Jatropha  genus and from  JcFT- RNAi transgenic  J. curcas  were grafted onto  SUC2 : JcFT  rootstocks. Most grafted plants produced flowers in 1–2 months, and the flowering percentage and frequency of various grafted plants decreased with increasing scion length. Consistently, FT protein abundance in scions also decreased with increasing distance from graft junctions to the buds. These findings suggest that FT proteins can be transmitted by grafting and can induce the floral transition in woody perennials, and the efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction depends on the scion length, which may help explain previous seemingly contradictory observations regarding floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees.

Efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction in woody perennial species of the Jatropha genus depends on transport distance