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Natural rubber is an important industrial raw material and is commercially produced by rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ). The sucrose transporter HbSUT3 plays an essential role in rubber production. Its expression in latex (cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers) is induced by bark treatment with Ethrel, an ethylene releaser, and the inducing effect correlates well with Ethrel-stimulated rubber yield increase. However, the mechanisms of ethylene induction on  HbSUT3  expression are not known. Here, five  Ethylene Response Factor  ( ERF ) genes were identified from the cDNA library of  Hevea  latex by yeast one-hybrid screening with the promoter of  HbSUT3  gene as bait. As revealed in a tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) protoplast transient expression system, these HbERFs were mainly localized in the nucleus and four of them exhibited apparent transactivation activity. Of the five  HbERF  genes,  HbERF-IXc4  was the most frequently screened in yeast one-hybrid, accounting for 65% of the  ERF  clones obtained. Moreover, among the five  HbERF s,  HbERF-IXc4  showed the strongest transactivation capacity when expressed in tobacco protoplast, the highest transcript abundance in latex and a close expressional correlation with its target gene,  HbSUT3 , in response to the Ethrel treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that ERFs, especially HbERF-IXc4, are critically involved in the activation of  HbSUT3  expression in latex after Ethrel treatment on  Hevea  bark, and thus the stimulated latex yield.

Ethylene response factors regulate expression of HbSUT3, the sucrose influx carrier in laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis