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As radial root resistance ( R  p ) represents one of the key components of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum resistance catena modulating water transport, understanding its control is essential for physiologists, modelers and breeders. Reports of  R  p , however, are still scarce and scattered in the scientific literature. In this study, we assessed genetic variability in  R  p  and its dependence on temperature in five widely used olive cultivars. In a first experiment, cultivar differences in  R  p  at 25 °C were evaluated from flow–pressure measurements in excised roots and subsequent analysis of root traits. In a second experiment, similar determinations were performed continually over a 5-h period in which temperature was gradually increased from 12 to 32 °C, enabling the assessment of  R  p  response to changing temperature. Despite some variability, our results did not show statistical differences in  R  p  among cultivars in the first experiment. In the second, cultivar differences in  R  p  were not significant at 12 °C, but they became so as temperature increased. Furthermore, the changes in  R  p  between 12 and 32 °C were higher than those expected by the temperature-driven decrease in water viscosity, with the degree of that change differing among cultivars. Also,  R  p  at 25 °C reached momentarily in the second experiment was consistently higher than in the first at that same, but fixed, temperature. Overall, our results suggest that there is limited variability in  R  p  among the studied cultivars when plants have been exposed to a given temperature for sufficient time. Temperature-induced variation in  R  p  might thus be partly explained by changes in membrane permeability that occur slowly, which explains why our values at 25 °C differed between experiments. The observed cultivar differences in  R  p  with warming also indicate faster acclimation of  R  p  to temperature changes in some cultivars than others.

Genotypic variability in radial resistance to water flow in olive roots and its response to temperature variations