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We investigated the interactive effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide ([CO 2 ]) and ozone ([O 3 ]) on radial growth, wood chemistry and structure of five 5-year-old trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides  Michx.) clones and the wood chemistry of paper birch ( Betula papyrifera  Marsh.). Material for the study was collected from the Aspen FACE (free-air CO 2  enrichment) experiment in Rhinelander, WI, where the saplings had been exposed to four treatments: control, elevated [CO 2 ] (560 ppm), elevated [O 3 ] (1.5 × ambient) and their combination for five growing seasons. Wood properties of both species were altered in response to exposure to the treatments. In aspen, elevated [CO 2 ] decreased uronic acids (constituents of, e.g., hemicellulose) and tended to increase stem diameter. In response to elevated [O 3 ] exposure, acid-soluble lignin concentration decreased and vessel lumen diameter tended to decrease. Elevated [O 3 ] increased the concentration of acetone-soluble extractives in paper birch, but tended to decrease the concentration of these compounds in aspen. In paper birch, elevated [CO 2 ] decreased and elevated [O 3 ] increased starch concentration. The responses of wood properties to 5 years of fumigation differed from those previously reported after 3 years of fumigation.

Wood properties of trembling aspen and paper birch after 5 years of exposure to elevated concentrations of CO 2 and O 3