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Four Turkish provenances and five Lebanese provenances of  Cedrus libani  A. Rich. and one Cypriot provenance of  C. brevifolia  Henry were compared during the third year of growth in a controlled-climate greenhouse after exposure to a well-watered or moderate-drought treatment. Effects of treatment on CO 2  assimilation ( A ), stomatal conductance ( g  s ),  13 C isotope composition (δ 13 C), growth and biomass were assessed. Hydraulic conductivity and shoot vulnerability to cavitation were measured in well-watered plants only. The Lebanese provenances of  C. libani  had the highest growth rates, but were the most sensitive to drought. The Turkish provenances of  C. libani  showed moderate growth rates and moderate drought sensitivity.  Cedrus brevifolia  had the lowest growth rate and was least sensitive to drought. For each provenance, mean biomass values were positively correlated with δ 13 C and intrinsic water-use efficiency ( A / g  s ), and negatively correlated with  g  s . Drought reduced growth and favored carbon storage in roots, increasing the ratio of root biomass to aboveground biomass. The drought treatment increased δ 13 C and  A / g  s . Specific hydraulic conductivity ( K  s ) was similar for the provenance groups, whereas leaf-specific conductivity ( K  l ) was lower in the Lebanese provenances than in the other provenances. Within each provenance group, provenances with the highest  K  l  were most susceptible to xylem cavitation, but were also the most productive. Growth and drought adaptation were linked with precipitation in each provenance's native range.

tree physiology

Variability in growth, carbon isotope composition, leaf gas exchange and hydraulic traits in the eastern Mediterranean cedars  Cedrus libani  and  C. brevifolia