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We report the isolation and characterization of  CjNdly , a homolog in Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica  D. Don) of the  FLORICAULA/LEAFY  ( FLO/LFY ) genes. We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of CjNdly, including short 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions. The deduced amino acid sequence was similar to those of the products of the  FLO/LFY  genes from other species. The nucleotide sequence showed the closest homology to that of the  NEEDLY  gene in  Pinus radiata  D. Don. Although no proline-rich region has been reported previously in homologous gene products from gymnosperms, we found such a region at the amino-terminal end of the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by  CjNdly . We detected the expression of  CjNdly  in both reproductive and vegetative tissues and organs of  C. japonica . Heterologous expression of  CjNdly  in transgenic tobacco plants induced precocious flowering of regenerating shoots on agar-solidified medium and flowers with an abnormal phenotype, namely, petal-like stamens. Our findings suggest that the  CjNdly  gene may have important roles in flower development in Japanese cedar, resembling those of its angiosperm homologs.

Isolation and functional analysis of the CjNdly gene, a homolog in Cryptomeria japonica of FLORICAULA/LEAFY genes