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The interaction of drought and elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) on carboxylation capacity of Rubisco ( V  cmax ) and susceptibility to photoinhibition may be an important determinant of plant responses to seasonal fluctuations in precipitation in an anticipated elevated [CO 2 ] environment. Japanese white birch ( Betula platyphylla  var.  japonica ) leaves that developed wholly during a period of drought showed an increase in leaf nitrogen and a decrease in leaf carbohydrates that could ameliorate photosynthetic down-regulation, defined as a decrease in  V  cmax  in response to elevated [CO 2 ]. Photochemical quenching ( q  P ) was decreased by elevated [CO 2 ] but increased by drought when compared at a given intercellular [CO 2 ] ( C  i ), indicating that elevated [CO 2 ] could increase the risk of photoinhibition, whereas long-term drought could alleviate the risk of photoinhibition. However, only a small variation in  q  P  was measured among seedlings in the various water availability × [CO 2 ] treatment combinations, consistent with the small treatment differences in chronic photoinhibition among the seedlings, as indicated by the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence after overnight dark-adaptation. Our results suggest that the offsetting responses—reduced  V  cmax  plus increased  C  i  at elevated [CO 2 ] and increased  V  cmax  plus reduced  C  i  under drought conditions—resulted in a narrow range of susceptibility to photoinhibition at the growth [CO 2 ] in Japanese white birch seedlings grown in various water availability × [CO 2 ] treatment combinations.

tree physiology

Interaction of drought and elevated CO 2  concentration on photosynthetic down-regulation and susceptibility to photoinhibition in Japanese white birch seedlings grown with limited N availability