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The relative abundance of α-linolenic (α-LeA) compared with linoleic acid is associated with the developmental stage and the plant species and is proposed to have important physiological effects on both vegetative and reproductive plant development. The enzymes responsible for catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid to α-LeA, the ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs), are localized in the plastid or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we present the isolation of an ER-type ω-3  FAD  gene ( OeFAD3 ) from olive ( Olea europaea  L.). Expression patterns of  OeFAD3  in different seed tissues and mesocarps during olive fruit development showed that its contribution to olive oil biosynthesis and modification is minimal. Regulation of  OeFAD3  differed from that of its plastidial counterpart, being preferentially expressed in proliferating tissues, in concert with the active membrane biogenesis required for cell division. Trienoic acid-deficient  Arabidopsis  mutants are male sterile, because α-LeA-derived jasmonic acid (JA) is required for pollen development. However, the upregulation of  OeFAD3  in different pistil tissues, particularly in vascular bundles and ovaries, rather than in anthers, implies a critical role of α-LeA in female gametophyte development in olive, corroborating results from JA-defective tomato mutants that are female sterile but not male sterile.

Discrete roles of a microsomal linoleate desaturase gene in olive identified by spatiotemporal transcriptional analysis