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We demonstrated that the inorganic phosphate (P i ) requirement for growth of Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora  Sieb. &amp; Zucc.) seedlings is increased by elevated CO 2  concentration ([CO 2 ]) and that responses of the ectomycorrhizal fungus  Pisolithus tinctorius  (Pers.) Coker &amp; Couch to P i  supply are also altered. To investigate the growth response of non-mycorrhizal seedlings to P i  supply in elevated [CO 2 ], non-mycorrhizal seedlings were grown for 73 days in ambient or elevated [CO 2 ] (350 or 700 μmol mol −1 ) with nutrient solutions containing one of seven phosphate concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.20 mM). In ambient [CO 2 ], the growth response to P i  was saturated at about 0.1 mM P i , whereas in elevated [CO 2 ], the growth response to P i  supply did not saturate, even at the highest P i  supply (0.2 mM), indicating that the P i  requirement is higher in elevated [CO 2 ] than in ambient [CO 2 ]. The increased requirement was due mainly to an altered shoot growth response to P i  supply. The enhanced P i  requirement in elevated [CO 2 ] was not associated with a change in photosynthetic response to P i  or a change in leaf phosphorus (P) status. We investigated the effect of P i  supply (0.04, 0.08 and 0.20 mM) on the ectomycorrhizal fungus  P. tinctorius  in mycorrhizal seedlings grown in ambient or elevated [CO 2 ]. Root ergosterol concentration (an indicator of fungal biomass) decreased with increasing P i  supply in ambient [CO 2 ], but the decrease was far less in elevated [CO 2 ]. In ambient [CO 2 ] the ratio of extramatrical mycelium to root biomass decreased with increasing P i  supply but did not change in elevated [CO 2 ]. We conclude that, because elevated [CO 2 ] increased the P i  requirement for shoot growth, the significance of the ectomycorrhizal association was also increased in elevated [CO 2 ].

Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration alters the effect of phosphate supply on growth of Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ) seedlings