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We assessed the relative limitations to photosynthesis imposed by stomatal and non-stomatal processes in  Dacrydium cupressinum  Lamb. (Podocarpaceae), which is the dominant species in a native, mixed conifer—broad-leaved rainforest in New Zealand. For comparison, we included three cooccurring broad-leaved tree species ( Meterosideros umbellata  Cav. (Myrtaceae),  Weinmannia racemosa  L.f. (Cunoniaceae) and  Quintinia acutifolia  Kirk (Escalloniaceae)) that differ in phylogeny and in leaf morphology from  D. cupressinum . We found that low foliage phosphorus content on an area basis ( P  a ) limited light-saturated photosynthesis on an area basis ( A  sat ) in  Q. acutifolia . Depth in the canopy did not generally affect  A  sat  or the relative limitations to  A  sat  because of stomatal and non-stomatal constraints, despite reductions in the ratio of foliage mass to area, foliar nitrogen on an area basis ( N  a ) and  P  a  with depth in the canopy. In the canopy-dominant conifer  D. cupressinum ,  A  sat  was low, consistent with low values of the maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation ( V  cmax ). In comparison, the  A  sat  response of the three broad-leaved tree species was quite variable. Although  A  sat  was high in the canopy-dominant  M. umbellata , it was low in the sub-canopy trees  W. racemosa  and  Q. acutifolia . Relative stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was more pronounced in  W. racemosa  (40%) than in the other three species (28–33%). Despite differences in degree, non-stomatal limitation to  A  sat  predominated in all tree species.

tree physiology

Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis in four tree species in a temperate rainforest dominated by  Dacrydium cupressinum  in New Zealand