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We studied the short-term (i.e., a few days) effect of a sudden increase in CO 2  uptake by shoots on nutrient (NO 3  − , P ion, K + , Ca 2+  and Mg 2+ ) uptake by roots during vegetative growth of young walnut ( Juglans nigra  =  J. major  L.) trees. The increase in CO 2  uptake was induced by a sudden increase in atmospheric CO 2  concentration ([CO 2 ]). Twelve 2-year-old trees were transplanted and grown in perlite-filled pots in a greenhouse. Rates of CO 2  uptake and water loss by individual trees were determined by a branch bag method from 3 days before until 6 days after [CO 2 ] was increased. Nutrient uptake rates were measured concurrently by a hydroponic recirculating nutrient solution system that provided non-limiting supplies of water and nutrients. Six control trees were kept in ambient [CO 2 ] (360 ppm), and [CO 2 ] was increased to 550 ppm for one set of three trees and to 800 ppm for another set of three trees. Before imposing the elevated [CO 2 ] treatments, all trees exhibited similar daily water loss, CO 2  uptake and nutrient uptake rates when expressed per unit leaf area to account for the tree size effect. Daily water loss rates were only slightly affected by elevated [CO 2 ]. Carbon dioxide uptake rates greatly increased with increasing atmospheric [CO 2 ], and nutrient uptake rates were proportional to CO 2  uptake rates during the study period, except for P ion. Our results show that, despite the important carbon and nitrogen storage capacities previously observed in young walnut trees, nutrient uptake by roots is strongly coupled to carbon uptake by shoots over periods of a few days.

Sudden increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration reveals strong coupling between shoot carbon uptake and root nutrient uptake in young walnut trees