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Maximization of short-rotation forest plantation yield requires frequent applications of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N). Whole-plant growth is known to be sensitive to the proportion of ammonium to nitrate (NH 4 :NO 3 ). However, the extent to which N form affects root growth, branching and morphology is poorly understood, and these variables may have substantial impacts on plant nutrient and water acquisition. We used rooted cuttings of cottonwood ( Populus deltoides  Bartr. ex Marsh.) to investigate the effect of various NH 4 :NO 3  ratios on root growth in N-enriched patches. A sand culture study with split-root systems was carried out in which 1–3% of the total root system of each cutting was supplied with 2 mM N at NH 4 :NO 3  ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0 (molar basis), with the rest of the plant supplied with 0 mM N, resulting in the whole plant becoming N deficient. During the experiment, whole-plant growth was unaffected by the treatments. Of the NH 4 :NO 3  ratios tested, greatest total root length, specific root length, and root N concentration of roots in enriched patches occurred in the 20:80 NH 4 :NO 3  treatment. The largest response of roots in enriched patches was third- and fourth-order root production. We conclude that N form has a profound effect on root development and morphology in enriched patches.

Growth response of cottonwood roots to varied NH 4 :NO 3 ratios in enriched patches