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Important losses in poplar productivity occur because of susceptibility to microbial pathogens. To enhance disease resistance in susceptible genotypes, the gene coding for  D4E1 , a synthetic antimicrobial peptide consisting of 17 amino acid residues, was introduced into poplar ( Populus tremula  L. ×  Populus alba  L.) via  Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Four kanamycin-resistant transformants were selected based on significant accumulation of the  D4E1  transcript and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and RNA dot-blot analysis. These transgenic poplar lines were tested for resistance to  Agrobacterium tumefaciens ,  Xanthomonas populi  pv.  populi  and  Hypoxylon mammatum  (Wahl.) Miller. One transgenic poplar line, Tr23, bearing the highest transcript accumulation for the  D4E1  gene, showed a significant reduction in symptoms caused by  A. tumefaciens  and  X. populi . However, none of the transgenic poplar lines showed a significant difference in disease response to the fungal pathogen  H. mammatum .

Bacterial disease resistance of transgenic hybrid poplar expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide D4E1