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Production of free and conjugated polyamines by two ectomycorrhizal fungi,  Pisolithus tinctorius  (Pers.) Coker and Couch and  Paxillus involutus  (Batsch) Fr., was studied in vitro. Spermidine was the main polyamine in the mycelium of both fungi.  Paxillus involutus  also produced large amounts of the diamine putrescine, whereas  Pisolithus tinctorius  contained traces of the diamine cadaverine and released into the culture medium an unknown compound probably related to cadaverine or  N -methylputrescine. Both fungi accelerated adventitious root formation and increased subsequent root growth of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris  L.) hypocotyl cuttings in vitro. Exogenous cadaverine enhanced rooting caused by  Pisolithus tinctorius  and also promoted mycorrhiza formation by the fungus. Putrescine and  Paxillus involutus  had a synergistic effect on root initiation, but not on subsequent root growth. We conclude that specific diamines may be involved in the interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and adventitious root formation in Scots pine, and that the effects of specific exogenous polyamines are dependent on the fungal strain and its ability to produce these compounds. The finding that  Paxillus involutus  enhanced rooting and root growth without mycorrhiza formation indicates that fungal-induced rooting is not necessarily related to visible mycorrhiza formation.

Effects of exogenous diamines on the interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and adventitious root formation in Scots pine in vitro