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The operability of Granier-type heat dissipation sap flow meters for the medium-term monitoring of Scots pine transpiration was tested. Three sensors that had been working for 3 years were duplicated by inserting new sensors in the same trees. The new sensors operated simultaneously with the old sensors for 18 months. Analysis of the temporal patterns of thermal dissipation of the sensors showed a slight, but significant decrease in all sensors, indicating the conservation of sapwood thermal properties. Although there was a high correlation between sap flux densities registered by the old and new sensors, significant differences in sap flux densities between the duplicated sensors were detected. Such differences could not be attributed to tissue injury around the sensors or to loss of sensitivity of the old sensors, because two of the old sensors registered higher flux rates than the new sensors. No instrumental error to explain the sap flux differences was found. Because the new sensors were installed at some angular distance from the old sap flow meters to avoid thermal interferences, it was inferred that the observed sap flux differences between duplicate sensors were the result of an azimuthal sap flow pattern.

Medium-term sap flux monitoring in a Scots pine stand: analysis of the operability of the heat dissipation method for hydrological purposes