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We investigated physiological responses of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata  D. Don) roots to soil strength and soil water deficit by measuring the osmotic potential (Ψ π ) and yield turgor ( Y ) in the elongation zone of root segments of seedlings growing (i) in polyethylene glycol 4000-containing rooting solution of different water potentials (Ψ s ) and (ii) in soil of different soil strengths ( Q ) at the same soil matric potential (Ψ m ). Root elongation rate (Δ l /Δ t ) decreased progressively with decreasing Ψ s  and was associated with decreased Ψ π  and decreased turgor pressure ( P ). Osmotic adjustment occurred at Ψ s  &lt; –0.2 MPa. Over a range in Ψ s  of –0.01 to –1.0 MPa, Ψ π  fell 0.3 MPa whereas  P  fell 0.7 MPa. Mean Ψ in the solution experiment was 0.37 MPa and did not differ significantly with Ψ s  ( P  = 0.10). Root elongation rate decreased exponentially as  Q  increased from 0 to 3.0 MPa, and was associated with an increase in  P  of 0.11 MPa as a consequence of Ψ π  decreasing by the same amount. Mean  Y  in the soil experiment was 0.49 MPa and did not change significantly with  Q  ( P  = 0.87).

Physiological responses of radiata pine roots to soil strength and soil water deficit