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A model was developed that simulated photosynthesis, growth and allocation in tree seedlings. The model was parameterized with data from experiments on seedlings of sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus  L.), Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis  (Bong) Carr.) and young birch trees ( Betula pendula  Roth.). In these experiments, CO 2  concentration ([CO 2 ]) and nutrient addition rate were varied. Parameters quantifying nutrient uptake, translocation and starch synthesis were fitted, based on data from control treatments. Elevated [CO 2 ] and low-nutrient treatments were then used to test the predicted response of growth and allocation against observations. The model accurately predicted total seedling growth in the elevated [CO 2 ] treatments. A response of growth to elevated [CO 2 ] was seen in the birch and sycamore experiments, but not in the Sitka spruce, because of photosynthetic down-regulation. Predictions of allocation were reasonably accurate in the birch and Sitka spruce experiments, but were notably poorer in the sycamore experiments, possibly because of differences in sink strength between root and shoot. In the birch and sycamore experiments, little change in allocation with elevated [CO 2 ] was observed or predicted. This was ascribed to the relative values of  K  Tc  and  K  Tn , the translocation coefficients that determine the sensitivity of allocation to carbon and nitrogen uptake rates, respectively. Growth and allocation in the low-nutrient treatments were poorly predicted by the model. In Sitka spruce, it was suspected that the photosynthetic parameters measured in August 1994 had been higher earlier in the season, before nutrients became depleted. In sycamore, the discrepancies were thought to relate to differences in sink strength between root and shoot that could not be described by the model.

Testing a process-based model of tree seedling growth by manipulating [CO 2 ] and nutrient uptake