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Foliar biomass investment in support and assimilative compartments was studied in four temperate deciduous tree species along a natural light gradient across the canopy. The species ranked according to shade tolerance as  Betula pendula  Roth. &lt;  Populus tremula  L. &lt;  Fraxinus excelsior  L. &lt;  Tilia cordata  Mill. Long-term light conditions at sampling locations were characterized as seasonal mean integrated quantum flux density ( Q  int , mol m −2  day −1 ) estimated by a method combining hemispherical photography and light measurements with quantum sensors. Leaf morphology was altered by  Q  int  in all species. Both lamina and petiole dry mass per lamina area (LMA and PMA, respectively) increased with increasing  Q  int . Shade-tolerant species had lower LMA at low  Q  int  than shade-intolerant species; however, PMA was not related to shade tolerance. Across species, the ratio of petiole dry mass to lamina dry mass (PMR) varied from 0.07 to 0.21. It was independent of  Q  int  in the simple-leaved species, but decreased with increasing  Q  int  in the compound-leaved  F. excelsior , which also had the largest foliar biomass investment in petioles. Differences in leaf mass and area, ranging over four orders of magnitude, provided an explanation for the interspecific variability in PMR. Species with large leaves also had greater biomass investments in foliar support than species with smaller leaves. This relationship was similar for both simple- and compound-leaved species.

Biomass investment in leaf lamina versus lamina support in relation to growth irradiance and leaf size in temperate deciduous trees