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To examine physiological responses to thinning, fertilization, and crown position, we measured net photosynthesis ( P  n ), transpiration ( E ), vapor pressure difference (VPD), stomatal conductance ( g  s ), and xylem pressure potential (Ψ 1 ) between 0930 and 1130 h under ambient conditions in the upper and lower crowns of a 13-year-old loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda  L.) plantation six years (1994) after the treatments were applied. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and air temperature ( T  a ) within the canopy were also recorded. Needle  P  n  of thinned trees was significantly enhanced by 22–54% in the lower crown, because canopy PPFD increased by 28–52%. Lower crown foliage of thinned plots also had higher  E  and  g  s  than foliage of unthinned plots, but thinning had no effect on needle Ψ 1  and predawn xylem pressure potential (0430–0530 h; Ψ pd ). Tree water status did not limit  P  n ,  E  and  g  s  during the late-morning measurements. Fertilization significantly decreased within-canopy PPFD and  T  a . Needle Ψ 1  was increased in fertilized stands, whereas  P  n ,  E  and  g  s  were not significantly altered.

Thinning, fertilization, and crown position interact to control physiological responses of loblolly pine