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Single cells were mechanically isolated from leaf-derived callus of mature  Juniperus oxycedrus  L. These cells divided and gave rise to callus when plated on medium containing growth regulators. Best plating efficiency was obtained on a modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.6 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 100 mg l −1  casein hydrolyzate. Although single-cell-derived callus showed poor morphogenic potential, both adventitious shoots and embryogenic tissues differentiated from the callus. We also achieved induction of somatic embryogenesis in leaf explants of mature  J. oxycedrus  trees cultured in the presence of 6.0 or 10.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or picloram. Frequency of embryogenic callus ranged from 6 to 18%; however, under the culture conditions tested, isolated embryos failed to develop into plants.

Morphogenesis in leaf and single-cell cultures of mature Juniperus oxycedrus