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The current debate on issuing identity cards to the British population was foreshadowed during the First World War, when the National Registration Act of 1915 provided for a register of all men and women between 15 and 65, later used to aid conscription. The National Register was produced by Bernard Mallet, the Registrar General of England and Wales. The information demands of the war also provided an opportunity for Mallet to press forward his pre-war agenda of reforming the system of routine registration of births, marriages and deaths. His desire for reform was shaped by the pressing eugenic questions of the day—infant mortality and national efficiency—and as the war progressed, he developed his ideas to include a permanent universal register of all individuals. This article examines the fate of Mallet's proposals, and shows how lack of political consensus and lack of support, even from colleagues in the General Register Office for Scotland, prevented his proposals coming to fruition.

twentieth century british history

An Early Experiment in National Identity Cards: The Battle Over Registration in the First World War  1     1  This research was undertaken with the support of the Wellcome Trust, grant 069811/Z/02/Z/AW/HH and I also acknowledge the co-operation of the Registrar General for Scotland. I am grateful to Professor Anne Crowther, and to Edward Higgs for comments on an earlier version of this paper, and to two anonymous referees for their suggestions.