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Background  Functional connectivity differences in the cortico-thalamic-striatal-cortical (CTSC) circuit, as well as altered subcortical region volumes have been observed in schizophrenia. In this study, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used in a large child and youth sample aged 11–21 years (n=1134) including children with psychosis spectrum (PS) symptoms (n=312) to further understanding of these biomarkers in youth outside of high risk groups and with a wider range of symptom severity.    Methods  Structural subregions of the thalamus and striatum were identified using the segmentation tool MAGeT Brain. Functional subregions were segmented based on functional connectivity with the 7 functional networks identified in Yeo et al, 2011. Average time series from functional subregions were correlated vertex-wide with cortical surfaces and Fisher Z transformed. FSL’s PALM was used to examine differences and interactions between PS groups and sex. Age and in scanner motion (mean framewise displacement) were covaried for and a family wise error rate correction was applied. Structural subregion volume differences and interactions between PS groups and sex were investigated statistically using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) with a false discovery rate of 5% correction for multiple testing. Age, intracranial volume, WRAT score and current medication use were covaried for.    Results  Sex-specific differences between PS and non-PS youth in structural subregion volumes were seen in both the striatum and thalamus. There was a persistent pattern of increased volumes in girls with PS symptoms, but decreased volumes in boys with PS symptoms compared to non-PS youth in the bilateral posterior putamen of the striatum (F=9.26, pFDR=0.006), higher order thalamic bilateral pulvinar (F=9.85, pFDR=0.004), left medial dorsal nuclei (F=7.42, pFDR=0.01), as well as first order thalamic left ventral posterior nucleus (F=6.47, pFDR=0.02), medial geniculate nucleus (F=10.03, pFDR=0.004) and bilateral lateral geniculate nuclei (F=5.7, pFDR=0.03). However, both PS girls and boys had increased nucleus accumbens volumes (t=2.66, pFDR=0.02). Decreased functional connectivity was found in PS youth between a striatal subregion in the right posterior putamen (corresponding to the dorsal attention network) and occipital areas (pFWE=0.005). This pattern was found to be driven by differences in specifically PS boys and not PS girls (pFWE=0.004).    Discussion  Multiple sex-specific structural differences between PS and non-PS youth were found in striatal and thalamic subregions. Hypo-connectivity between the striatal posterior putamen and occipital regions in PS boys overlap with structural increases in this subcortical volume in PS boys. Finding these early indicators is a key strategy to provide insight into neural mechanisms underlying the development of psychosis with the aim to improve and better target treatments.

F20. SEX-SPECIFIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CIRCUIT DIFFERENCES IN YOUTH WITH PSYCHOSIS SPECTRUM SYMPTOMS