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Anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC; Brodmann area 10) activations are often, but not always, found in neuroimaging studies investigating deception, and the precise role of this area remains unclear. To explore the role of PFC in face-to-face deception, we invited pairs of participants to play a card game involving lying and lie detection while we used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain activity in PFC. Participants could win points for successfully lying about the value of their cards or for detecting lies. We contrasted patterns of brain activation when the participants either told the truth or lied, when they were either forced into this or did so voluntarily, and when they either succeeded or failed to detect a lie. Activation in anterior PFC was found in both lie production and detection, unrelated to reward. Analysis of cross-brain activation patterns between participants identified areas of PFC where the lead player's brain activity was synchronized their partner's later brain activity. These results suggest that during situations that involve close interpersonal interaction, anterior PFC supports processing widely involved in deception, possibly relating to the demands of monitoring one's own, and other people's behaviour.

The role of anterior prefrontal cortex (area 10) in face-to-face deception measured with fNIRS