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To improve the estimates of organ doses from nuclear medicine procedures using  131 I, the authors calculated a comprehensive set of  131 I  S  values, defined as absorbed doses in target tissues per unit of nuclear transition in source regions, for different source and target combinations. The authors used the latest reference adult male and female voxel phantoms published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP Publication 110) and the  131 I photon and electron spectra from the ICRP Publication 107 to perform Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations using MCNPX2.7 to compute the  S  values. For each phantom, the authors simulated 55 source regions with an assumed uniform distribution of  131 I. They computed the  S  values for 42 target tissues directly, without calculating specific absorbed fractions. From these calculations, the authors derived a comprehensive set of  S  values for  131 I for 55 source regions and 42 target tissues in the ICRP male and female voxel phantoms. Compared with the stylised phantoms from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that consist of 22 source regions and 24 target regions, the new data set includes 1662 additional  S  values corresponding to additional combinations of source–target tissues that are not available in the stylised phantoms. In a comparison of  S  values derived from the ICRP and ORNL phantoms, the authors found that the  S  values to the radiosensitive tissues in the ICRP phantoms were 1.1 (median, female) and 1.3 (median, male) times greater than the values based on the ORNL phantoms. However, for several source–target pairs, the difference was up to 10-fold. The new set of  S  values can be applied prospectively or retrospectively to the calculation of radiation doses in adults internally exposed to  131 I, including nuclear medicine patients treated for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism.

S values for 131 I based on the ICRP adult voxel phantoms