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Background: The immune mechanisms underlying Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) are not well defined. Expanded Th17 T cell subset has been demonstrated in Giant Cell Arteritis, the other variant of large vessel vasculitis. Gamma delta T cells (g T), natural killer cells (NK) and natural killer -T cells (NKT) are also producers of IL-17 besides Th17 cells. Studies have demonstrated an increased number of circulating g T cells in peripheral blood and in histopathology of arterial biopsies of patients with TA. We therefore enumerated Th17, g T, NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood of patients with TA, and looked for its correlation with disease activity and extent. Methods: 21 consecutive patients with TA fulfilling ACR 1990 criteria who consented for study and 9 age-matched healthy controls were studied. NKT (anti-CD3APC, CD56FITC; BD Biosciences), NK (antiCD3APC, CD56FITC; BD Biosciences) and g T (anti-CD3FITC, CD4PECy7, CD8APC, g APC; BD Biosciences) were enumerated by flow cytometry (Beckman-Coulter Navios instrument) in peripheral blood. Th17 cells were enumerated by cell culture and stimulation with PMA and ionomycin (Sigma, St Louis, USA) and Golgi plug with Brefeldin A (Sigma, St Louis, USA) , surface staining with anti-CD3FITC and anti-CD4PECy7 (BD Biosciences), fixation using fixation buffer (Leucoperm, ABD Serotech, San Diego, CA, USA) and permeabilization using permeabilization solution (Leucoperm, ABD Serotech, San Diego, CA, USA) followed by intracellular staining using anti-IL17PE (BD Biosciences)and enumeration was done by flow cytometry(Beckman-Coulter Navios instrument). In one sample, the Th17 cells could not be measured due to technical difficulties. Their relation with disease extent (DEI.Tak) and activity (ITAS) was analysed. This study was approved by the institute ethics committee. Results: Mean age of patients was 29.90 10.25 years; there were 19 females. The mean duration of symptoms was 6.3 4.1 years. 8 were not on immunosuppressive drugs. 8 patients were active (ITAS 4). As compared with normal the percentages of Th17 (patients 3.1 2.4% vs controls 0.7 0.6%; P1⁄40.007; n1⁄420) and NKT cells(patients 5.5 3.9% vs controls 2.4 1.4%; P1⁄40.03) were significantly expanded in patients with TA. There was no difference in populations of NK cells (patients 7 5%, n1⁄4 21 vs controls 7.2 2.5%, n1⁄49; P1⁄40.89) and g T cells (patients 6.4 3.2%, n1⁄4 21 vs controls 6.1 1.9%, n1⁄49; P1⁄40.79). Subgroup analysis showed that the increased Th17 and NKT cells had no relation with disease extent, disease activity or immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: There is expansion of Th17 cells in patients with TA as compared with normals, which is highly significant. Disclosure statement: S.C. holds a Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

332. Increased Circulating TH17 and Natural Killer T Cells in Takayasu's Arteritis