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The potential of scintigraphy with technetium 99m-labelled J001 (99mTc-J001) to detect synovitis was studied in 15 rabbits with osteoarthritis (OA) of the right knee (section of cruciate ligaments), in five sham-operated rabbits and in four non-operated rabbits. J001 is a non-pyrogenic, acylated poly (1,3) galactoside isolated from the membrane of a non-pathogenic strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae which is able to bind selectively to macrophages via the binding to CD11b and CD14 molecules. The results of 99mTc-J001 scintigraphy were compared with those of scintigraphy with 99mTc-labelled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) and GC-APG (a derivative of J001 unable to bind macrophages in vitro). The mean scintigraphic ratios (diseased healthy knee) of 99mTc-J001 were significantly higher in OA rabbits than in sham- and non-operated rabbits, from as early as day 18 until day 90. 99mTc-J001 scintigraphy demonstrated earlier increased uptake than 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy. The mean scintigraphic ratios of 99mTc-J001 were significantly higher than those of 99mTc-GC-APG (which remained normal) in OA rabbits. The normal scintigraphic ratios of 99mTc-J001 in sham-operated and non-operated rabbits, as well as of 99mTc-GC-APG in OA rabbits, suggested that the increased uptake demonstrated with 99mTc-J001 in OA rabbits, as early as day 18 corresponded to imaging of synovitis via elective macrophage targeting. These results showed that 99mTc-J001 scintigraphy should be a specific method of detecting synovitis in OA.

Macrophage targeting with 99mTc-labelled J001 for scintigraphic assessment of experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit.