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Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems that affect newborn infants, and phototherapy is usually used for treatment. Phototherapy is generally considered a very safe and well-tolerated treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia. However, clinical users should be aware of the unwanted effects of using phototherapy. Affection of neonatal immune system due to phototherapy has been reported. Objectives Evaluation of the effect of phototherapy on neonatal immune system through measuring the level of CD4+ lymphocytes. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on full term newborns assigned to three groups: group1 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia treated by conventional phototherapy, group2 neonates treated by LED phototherapy and healthy neonates as control group. The percentages and absolute counts ofCD4+ lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry before phototherapy and 48 h after exposure. Results The study showed a significant decrease in CD4+ percentage in patients after 48 h of exposure to conventional phototherapy (P value &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a significant decrease in CD4+ absolute counts after 48 h of exposure to both types of phototherapy. Conclusion Conventional and LED phototherapy which is used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, caused a decrease in CD4+ absolute count 48 hours after phototherapy. Also conventional phototherapy caused a decrease in CD4+% 48 hours after exposure.

Phototherapy effect on CD4 lymphocytes of Full Term Neonates with Jaundice